The hottest European region may follow the example

The European region may follow the example of the United States' "double anti" to deal a fatal blow to China's photovoltaic products

on March 20, 2012, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced the preliminary findings of the countervailing investigation on China's photovoltaic products. Although this result is better than the industry expectation, the "double anti" investigation will still make China's photovoltaic industry worse: the preliminary determination result of the countervailing investigation will make China's photovoltaic industry worse, and the anti-dumping investigation and the possible European imitation may bring a fatal blow to China's photovoltaic enterprises

Chinese enterprises, industry associations and the government are actively fighting back against the US move and preparing corresponding countermeasures. In the medium and long term, China's photovoltaic industry and enterprises should improve their competitiveness and rely more on the domestic market

in recent years and the foreseeable future, with the turbulence of the global economic situation, trade disputes may be inevitable, but the final result of such disputes can only be a double loss

the United States imposes countervailing duties on photovoltaic products imported from China to the United States.

after three delays, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced the preliminary findings of the countervailing investigation on Chinese photovoltaic products; The Chinese industry generally believes that the preliminary determination result is better than expected. On October 19, 2011, the U.S. branch of solar world, a German solar company, jointly with six other U.S. photovoltaic enterprises, formally applied to the U.S. Department of Commerce for a "double anti" investigation of photovoltaic products imported from China. On November 8, 2011, the US Department of Commerce officially filed the case; In December, the U.S. International Trade Commission determined that Chinese photovoltaic products had caused industrial damage to the United States. Since then, the US Department of Commerce has postponed the release of the survey results three times

on March 20, 2012, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced the preliminary findings of the countervailing investigation on China's photovoltaic products, which determined that Chinese related enterprises had received 2.9% to 4.73% export subsidies from the government. Therefore, countervailing duties of 2.9%, 4.73% and 3.59% will be levied on products imported from Suntech Wuxi, Trinasolar and other solar companies in China, respectively. Solar world and six other U.S. photovoltaic enterprises require the United States to impose 100% tariffs on photovoltaic products imported from China; The outside world is expected to impose 20%-100% tariffs, and the more optimistic view is also 10%-15%

2011 operator code * * since, there have been disputes between the photovoltaic industries of China and the United States from time to time, and the conflict of interest is the main reason. Against the backdrop of the downturn in the industry, American photovoltaic enterprises have to face Chinese competitors with scale, cost and technological advantages, and are struggling

in 2011, three photovoltaic enterprises in the United States closed down, including California Solar Power Company, which is known as one of the model projects of the U.S. government to build a green manufacturing industry. Based on concerns about international competitiveness, a number of new projects in the United States increased from 44 to 64, and some photovoltaic enterprises began to use trade protection measures to protect and curb Chinese photovoltaic enterprises. In October, 2011, Westinghouse solar energy of the United States proposed to the U.S. International Trade Commission that it would like to investigate the patent infringement of Chinese photovoltaic enterprise atlas solar power. It is reported that the two patents sued are only installation parts in solar equipment accessories, and Atlas solar power only slightly changed the frame of conventional components to apply to such installation parts, which has no impact on conversion efficiency. In order to protect its national industries, the U.S. government also tends to take trade protection measures. After the financial crisis, the U.S. government has always regarded clean energy technology as the key to revitalizing economic competitiveness

"double anti" investigation has made China's photovoltaic industry worse

affected by the shrinking demand in overseas markets, China's photovoltaic industry has been facing difficulties. Due to the European debt crisis, since 2010, European governments have continued to reduce subsidies to their photovoltaic industry, reducing the demand for photovoltaic products. Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, Spain and other European countries account for about 80% of the global photovoltaic market demand

the contraction of overseas markets directly leads to the oversupply of photovoltaic products and overcapacity in China. 90% of China's photovoltaic products are exported abroad, and only 10% remain in the domestic market. From 2010 to the first half of 2011, Chinese enterprises expanded their production capacity from polysilicon to components

since 2011, the prices of polysilicon and battery chips in the upstream of photovoltaic have continued to plummet, and many domestic enterprises have stopped production. The price of polysilicon fell from more than $70/kg in the middle of 2011 to about $30 at the end of the year. According to the data of China Nonferrous Metals Association, since the second half of 2011, there has been a serious inventory backlog in China's polysilicon industry. Of the 43 polysilicon enterprises that have been put into operation, only 8 enterprises are still in production, and the rest have stopped production

the preliminary findings of the US countervailing investigation on China's photovoltaic products will make China's photovoltaic industry even worse, but it is not fatal. During the "double anti" investigation, considering the possible impact of the investigation, Chinese enterprises suspended photovoltaic projects in the United States. Cecep Solar Technology Co., Ltd. suspended its plan to invest about 3.6 billion yuan in building solar photovoltaic power stations in many states of the United States. Yingli Green Energy Holdings Co., Ltd. said that at present, the gross profit of enterprises exporting to the United States is more than 10 points, and the tax rate of 2.9% to 4.73% will reduce some enterprise profits, but it is not enough to close the door of enterprises exporting to the U.S. market

the United States' anti-dumping investigation against Chinese photovoltaic enterprises and the possible European imitation may bring a fatal blow to Chinese enterprises. The U.S. Department of Commerce plans to announce the preliminary ruling of the anti-dumping tax rate on May 16, 2012; The industry predicts that the cumulative tax rate of "double anti" may reach 20%-30%, which will make Chinese photovoltaic enterprises completely lose their price advantage in the U.S. market. According to previous relevant cases, the anti-dumping tax rate in the "double anti dumping" investigation in the United States is much higher than the countervailing tax rate. At present, the cost of selling solar panels in the United States by Chinese photovoltaic enterprises is about $0.75/watt, while the average price of American companies is about $0.97/watt

according to German media reports, the German solar energy economic federation filed a joint complaint at the end of March 2012, accusing China of dumping photovoltaic products. At present, the German solar energy economic federation is contacting relevant industries in the EU to prepare anti-dumping applications for Chinese photovoltaic products in the 27 member states of the EU

as China's leading export market of photovoltaic products, Europe's "double anti" ruling will bring a devastating blow to Chinese enterprises. According to the data of China Chamber of Commerce for import and export of mechanical and electrical products, the export volume of photovoltaic products in China in 2011 was about 35.8 billion yuan, of which the Asian market accounted for about 21%, the American market was less than 15%, and the European market was close to 57%. In the European market, Germany is the largest market, and 70% - 80% of local PV module products come from China

Chinese photovoltaic enterprises should practice their internal skills while fighting back.

in response to the actions of the United States, Chinese enterprises, industry associations and the government are actively fighting back and preparing corresponding countermeasures. Yingli, Wuxi Suntech, Trinasolar and other 14 Chinese photovoltaic enterprises jointly responded to the lawsuit and submitted evidence, which may also be a reason for the low tax rate in this preliminary determination. The silicon branch of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association is conducting a data investigation on the damage of polysilicon industry caused by low-cost dumping by American and Korean enterprises. After the United States announced the preliminary determination results of countervailing measures, the Ministry of Commerce of China ruled that the imported photo paper products originating in the European Union, the United States and Japan were dumped. From March 23, 2012, anti-dumping duties were imposed on the products for a period of five years

in the medium and long term, China's photovoltaic industry and enterprises should improve their competitiveness and rely more on the domestic market, which is also conducive to avoiding trade protection traps

in terms of industry structure, we should take this round of "double anti" crisis as an opportunity to continue to strengthen industry integration. At present, the Ministry of industry and information technology is accelerating the integration of polysilicon industry; The 12th Five Year Plan for the development of solar photovoltaic industry also points out that backbone enterprises should be supported to become better and stronger

photovoltaic enterprises can extend the industrial chain upstream and downstream, which can not only control costs, but also resist overseas trade risks. The future investment of atlas sunshine power will be more inclined to provide overall solutions and project development: 10% of the revenue in 2011 came from project development, and the goals in 2012 and 2013 were 25% and 40% respectively

increase the layout of patents in foreign markets, use their own patents for defense, and cross license patents with competitors

with the determination of China's photovoltaic power price 2 and the expansion of photovoltaic planning goals again, the domestic market is worth looking forward to. In August, 2011, the national development and Reform Commission issued the notice on improving the electricity price policy for solar photovoltaic power generation; The electricity price on the benchmark is close to the power generation cost price of domestic photovoltaic power stations, which will drive more bidding projects and photovoltaic orders. The 12th Five Year Plan for renewable energy development raised the domestic PV installation plan in 2015 from 5GW to 10GW and then to 15gw; It is estimated that the annual average PV installed capacity will reach 3.5gW

conclusion and outlook

in recent years and the foreseeable future, the global economic situation is volatile, and trade disputes may be inevitable. In the case of international economic downturn, "double anti", patent infringement and undervaluation of exchange rate are common means for countries with manufacturing advantages

according to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, at present, China's exports account for less than 10% of the world's total trade volume, but anti-dumping cases account for 1/3 of the world, and countervailing cases account for 1/2 of the world. With the improvement of its economic status, China has become the second largest trading partner of the United States and the largest trade friction country. Since 2006, the United States has launched more than 30 combined anti-dumping and countervailing investigations against China for seven consecutive years, of which 24 cases have imposed double high tariffs on Chinese enterprises. In the week from March 13 to 20, 2012 alone, the United States launched six trade sanctions against China, involving rare earth, chemical brighteners, galvanized steel wires, crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and components, metallic silicon, and steel wheels

for this "double anti" investigation of photovoltaic products, the final result of the dispute can only be a double loss. Industry experts said that the United States and European countries have given a variety of support to their green energy industry, compared with the support of the Chinese government is much smaller; The export growth of China's photovoltaic industry to the United States stems from its market competitive advantage

in addition to the damage to the interests of Chinese enterprises, this trade sanctions will also damage the interests of the U.S. photovoltaic industry. As major importers of new energy products, the United States and Europe will impose sanctions on Chinese manufacturing enterprises, which will not only increase the cost of domestic photovoltaic energy, but also damage the interests of downstream enterprises

Chinese enterprises not only export their products to the United States and Europe, but also import their raw materials and equipment. In 2011, the photovoltaic trade surplus between the United States and China reached 1.88 billion US dollars; Once two-way friction occurs, the damage to the United States will be more serious. U.S. upstream and downstream related enterprises, which are closely related to the interests of China's photovoltaic products exported to the United States, also publicly oppose the lawsuit filed by a few U.S. companies. The United States parity Alliance (case), composed of 25 photovoltaic enterprises, hopes that the government will consider the damage to the interests of downstream photovoltaic installation enterprises in the United States and the negative impact on employment